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63 pages 2 hours read

American Dirt

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2020

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Chapters 14-18Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 14 Summary

Lydia and Luca follow La Bestia's tracks, determined to get on the train. A few hours into their walk, they encounter Rebeca and Soledad, two beautiful sisters sitting atop an overpass. The girls remind Lydia of her dead niece, Yénifer. The sisters are taken with Luca, who is the spitting image of their cousin. They show him a picture of the boy with two missing teeth. Luca recalls Sebastián pulling out his first loose tooth and leaving it under the pillow for El Ratoncito Pérez to retrieve. The sisters describe how they jump onto La Bestia from overpasses near turns, where the trains travel more slowly. First they toss their backpacks down, then they drop like frogs onto the trains. Rebeca invites Lydia and Luca to travel with them. The train arrives soon after. One at a time, the sisters toss their packs and make the leap. Lydia coaches Luca through the jump. He rolls to the edge of the train until another migrant catches him. Terrified, Lydia follows close behind.

Chapter 15 Summary

Chapter 15 opens with a flashback to the year before the massacre, when Mexico was the deadliest place on earth to be a journalist. Sebastián does not receive official cartel death threats, creating a false sense of security reinforced by Lydia’s friendship with Javier. Nevertheless, Sebastián takes precautions after running particularly risky articles, while Lydia becomes hypervigilant. She continues to see Javier at the bookstore, but the tenor of their relationship changes. Although Javier still charms Lydia, she cannot detach the man she knows from the man in her husband’s headlines.

A week before the family's murder, Sebastian prepares to run his exposé. Lydia suggests warning Javier to gauge his response, but Sebastián rejects the idea. Although she is reluctant to learn about Javier’s dark side, Lydia reads Sebastián’s article the night before it goes to press. It outlines Javier’s violent rise to power, including the gruesome murder of a rival’s two-year-old son. The article ends with one of Javier’s poems, which Sebastián obtained from a contest Marta entered on her father’s behalf. Sebastián asks for Lydia’s opinion on the article. She expresses confidence that Javier will find it flattering and convinces him a hotel is an unnecessary precaution.

In the present, Lydia secures herself and Luca to a train grate with canvas belts while Rebeca and Soledad seek them out. Lydia feeds Luca and gives the sisters a granola bar to share as the train ambles north. The migrants watch for police vehicles, flattening themselves against the top of the freight cars to avoid detection. Cargo workers toss them food and refill their canteens whenever the train stops. The sisters warn Lydia about the dangers of the train at night, prompting the group to disembark at San Miguel de Allende.

Luca reminds himself not to be taken by the beauty of the place. He thinks of the massacre and ends up sobbing in his mother’s arms. Rebeca and Soledad get free food from a restaurant worker and share it with Lydia and Luca. The four sleep on benches in the plaza.

Chapter 16 Summary

Lydia, Luca, and the sisters return to the tracks the next morning. A local padre serves rice and tortillas from the back of a pickup truck, offers the migrants Communion, and gives them a blessing. Rebeca informs her companions that they missed the Pacific Route stop and that they must backtrack to Celaya. Their current route is shorter, but the cartels make it unsafe. They board a southbound train with ease.

Rebeca tells Luca she is Ch’orti and talks about her village in the mountains of Honduras–the so-called cloud-forest–describing it in such vivid terms Luca can see it in his mind’s eye. The tone of Rebeca’s account changes when she discusses the arrival of the cartels, who kidnapped and raped indigenous girls in her village. Rebeca and Soledad’s mother insisted they go live with their father, Elmer, in San Pedro Sula. The sisters enrolled in school, where they experienced discrimination. Rebeca tells Luca that a violent gang member named Iván stopped Soledad on the street one day and declared himself her boyfriend. Iván threatened Soledad’s father, forced her to have sex, and beat her regularly. The situation was so serious Soledad contemplated suicide. It was Iván’s interest in Rebeca, however, that prompted the sisters to flee San Pedro Sula. The sisters’ cousin, César, arranged for a coyote to take them across the border. Luca understands that suffering is common to all migrants.

Chapter 17 Summary

Soledad informs Lydia that she is pregnant when the group reaches the Casa del Migrante in Celaya. Lydia expresses optimism that the baby will be a US citizen. They enjoy a restorative day at the shelter before looking for a place to board La Bestia. They run alongside the train until men pull them up one at a time. The men are friendly, but as one of the few women on the train, Lydia is on guard. Despite her vigilance, she fails to notice Lorenzo watching her from the end of the car. Luca recognizes him as the sicario who raped the Salvadoran girl in Huehuetoca.

A commotion two cars ahead frightens Luca. A migrant was knocked off the train as it sped through a tunnel. Lydia and Luca watch as the man’s brother jumps after him. Lorenzo sits next to Lydia and strikes up a conversation. Lydia uses a fake name, but Lorenzo knows exactly who she is. He pulls up a selfie she and Javier took and tells her everyone in the state of Guerrero has a copy. Lorenzo insists he is no longer a member of Los Jardineros. Although she is miles away from Acapulco, Lydia feels as vulnerable as ever.

Chapter 18 Summary

The migrants (including Lorenzo) disembark at La Verde on the outskirts of Guadalajara, where they encounter a large man with a machete named Danilo. He presents himself as their protector, warning them to avoid police officers, security guards, and railroad employees. He also cautions them not to accept help from people offering jobs or accommodations. Soledad is suspicious when Danilo proposes to walk them as far as La Piedrera. He tells her helping migrants is his way of atoning for past wrongs. Lydia falls back to speak with Lorenzo, who reveals he is a 17-year-old runaway and informs her of Marta’s suicide.

In a flashback, the reader learns that Javier likes the article Sebastián wrote about him, though he is surprised not to have seen it coming. Javier is initially pleased by the inclusion of his poem, imagining that Lydia memorized or photographed it and gave it to her husband. Javier’s only concern is the impact of the article on his anonymity. In short, his first reaction is exactly as Lydia predicted. Javier’s wife, on the other hand, is troubled by the content. She fails to reassure Marta when she calls from boarding school. Marta is so distraught she hangs herself in her dorm room three days before Lydia’s family is murdered. 

Chapters 14-18 Analysis

Chapters 14-18 chronicle Lydia and Luca’s first experiences on La Bestia, a symbol of hope and danger for migrants traveling to the border. For those who cannot or will not pay coyotes, the notorious freight trains are the only way north. The dangers are manifold. Simply getting on the trains is a tricky proposition, as is staying on them. In Chapter 14, for example, Luca nearly rolls off La Bestia after dropping from an overpass. Only a quick-thinking migrant keeps him from tumbling over the edge. In Chapter 17, a man is knocked off the train as it speeds through a tunnel, prompting his brother to leap after him. For female travelers, the trains are also sites of sexual violence. In Chapter 15, Soledad explains to Lydia that she and her sister never ride the trains at night. Lydia does not ask why. The subtext is clear. Further dangers include police, security guards, and train engineers, who routinely clear the trains of migrants. Cartels, human traffickers, robbers, and other criminals also populate the trains, often disguising themselves as migrants. Danger also follows migrants between train rides. Rape is a common occurrence along the roads north, even in church-run sanctuaries.

Similes, imagery, and juxtapositions contribute to the chapters’ dark tone. Luca’s loose tooth in Chapter 14, for instance, leans “like an ancient grave in soft ground” (133), linking his growth from boyhood to manhood to death. Chapter 15 characterizes Acapulco as a city that “hemorrhaged tourism, investment, [and] young people” (145), while Chapter 18 describes the houses outside Guadalajara as “soldiers wearing identical uniforms” (180). Rebeca’s enchanting description of her Honduran village in Chapter 16, moreover, stands in strict opposition to the kidnappings and rapes that occurred there at the hands of the narcos.

The particular dangers facing journalists come to the fore in Chapter 15, which opens with a sobering statistic: “The year before Sebastián’s murder, Mexico was the deadliest country in the world to be a journalist, no safer than an active war zone. No safer even than Syria or Iraq” (142). Sebastián takes special precautions when he publishes risky articles about the cartels, including writing under an anonymous byline and staying at a hotel for a few nights. These precautions, however, are illusory: “Sebastián knew that any research he conducted, any crime he investigated, any source he contacted, was a potential land mine” (143).

Impending danger characterizes the flashback in Chapter 18, which focuses on the publication of Sebastián’s exposé. Although Javier is initially unphased by the article, considering it “a mostly fair depiction of his life” (189), his mood takes a dark turn. He is unsettled that Lydia betrayed his confidence by sharing his poem with her husband (something she did not do), a thought that causes a “treacherous quickening in his chest” (190). Unable to ignore the extent of her husband’s bad deeds, Javier’s wife takes up smoking again after three years. She is left dealing with “the most deeply suppressed grapplings of [her] own smothered conscience” (190). Most distressed of all, however, is Marta, who was unaware of her father’s true identity. Her death sets in motion the massacre that upends Lydia and Luca’s lives.

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