43 pages • 1 hour read
A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Leigh is the primary protagonist of False Witness, and the bulk of the narrative focuses on her perspective. Leigh’s character embodies The Futility of Trying to Escape the Past. Following Buddy’s murder, Leigh fled to Chicago. However, she has ended up back in Atlanta, facing her demons. While Leigh seems to be the sister who has everything together, Leigh also suffers from her traumatic history. These trauma bonds link Leigh to Callie and create an intense loyalty between the sisters. However, they also lead to self-destructive behaviors. In Callie’s case, it’s her substance use. In Leigh’s case, it’s self-sabotaging, a “pattern” Callie recognizes:
If Callie had a needle fixation, Leigh had a chaos fixation. Her big sister longed for the calm normalcy of life with Walter and Maddy, but every time she reached a certain level of tranquility, she found a way to blow it up. Over the years, Callie had watched the pattern play out dozens of times (208).
Leigh’s self-sabotaging seems to stem from guilt surrounding her perceived role in Callie’s abuse. Leigh is intensely guilty about the fact that she was sexually assaulted by Buddy first and then still allowed Callie to babysit for him. When Callie first calls Leigh after slicing Buddy, Leigh thinks, “[She] was responsible for this. She had protected herself from Buddy, but then she had put Callie directly in his path” (94). Later, telling Walter about the incident, Leigh claims, “I knew that it was my fault. I pimped out my own sister to a pedophile” (290). Leigh’s guilt seems to contribute to feelings of unworthiness that drive her self-sabotage. For instance, regarding her marriage with Walter, she thinks, “[She] had finally accepted that she was the bad type of woman who couldn’t stay with a good man” (24).
Leigh’s character is a reminder that trauma takes all forms. It doesn’t have to be as drastic as developing a substance use disorder for it to impact someone’s life in damaging ways. It’s only when Leigh is able to confront her past that she can break free of its damaging influence. This occurs when Leigh confesses to Callie about Buddy assaulting her first; Callie reassures her that she doesn’t blame her for what happened, giving her the absolution she needs. In the end, Leigh is able to put the past to rest precisely because she confronted it.
Leigh also draws attention to one of the book’s pivotal themes, The Pervasive Nature of Misogyny and Violence Against Women. Leigh is the one who comes face to face with the graphic details of Andrew/Trevor’s crimes against women. However, Leigh also gives voice to less obvious instances of misogyny, such as her colleague’s objectification of rape survivors as “exposure.” She also alludes to sexist systems that protect men, noting, “No matter what happened to women, men always, always covered each other’s asses” (98).
Callie is a supporting protagonist alongside Leigh. Although both sisters share the narrative in a close third person, Callie’s voice is more muted. This is in part because Callie herself has given up hope. It’s clear from the start that Callie is likely to die by suicide; she admits that she has considered it in the past: “She could get a front-row seat to Kurt Cobain and Amy Winehouse talking about a what a douche Jim Morrison could be” (118). Callie also has no hope of recovering from her substance use disorder. Leigh and Walter echo the belief that Callie will not recover and that there is no hope for it.
Although Callie may be a secondary protagonist, she’s critical to the book’s plot and many of its themes. Callie’s bond with Leigh exemplifies The Bonds Forged Through Shared Trauma. Callie sacrifices herself for Leigh more than once. First, Callie gives Leigh and Walter a healthy baby girl, Maddy. Then, Callie essentially gives her own life in order to take Andrew/Trevor’s. This assures Callie that Leigh, Walter, and Maddy will be safe from Andrew/Trevor, and Leigh will not have to take the fall for Buddy’s murder. Callie’s loyalty to Leigh, just like Leigh’s loyalty to her, does seem to be partially informed by guilt. Callie’s guilt stems from involving Leigh in Buddy’s murder. She believes that “[Leigh] was only fucked up because Callie had made her do terrible things” (258), and it’s therefore her fault that Leigh exhibits self-sabotaging behaviors.
Callie’s character also introduces the symbolic significance of animals. Callie finds solace in animals and even ends up working for a kind-hearted veterinarian, Dr. Jerry. It is through Callie that the book is able to articulate its thematic argument that men, not animals, are the real wild beasts—the true threat. This premise is solidified in the way that Callie conflates Andrew/Trevor with a dangerous animal. She tells Dr. Jerry, “I’ve run across a very dangerous Great Dane. […] He’s hurting women. Raping them, torturing them. And he’s threatening to hurt people I care about” (386). Later, Callie frames her plan to kill Andrew/Trevor as animal euthanasia: “The giant syringe in her pocket […] was meant to put down Andrew” (389).
Finally, it is through Callie’s character that the motif of drug addiction is invoked. The origin of Callie’s addiction is not an uncommon one—she had an injury as a teenager and was prescribed painkillers while recovering. Although the narrative does not dive deep into the topic of opioid addiction, a critical public health issue in the United States at the time False Witness was published, it does provide a nod to the topic through Callie’s story.
Andrew/Trevor is the ultimate representation of misogyny and violence against women. His entire rape/murder spree seems to be a misogynistic revenge plot—as evidenced by the telltale cut he always leaves on his victim’s thigh, just like the one Callie left on Buddy. As he follows in Buddy’s footsteps, becoming a rapist himself, Andrew/Trevor’s character raises the problematic question of nature versus nurture—is there something genetic underlying this kind of violence against women, or is it all socially constructed? This is a question that remains unanswered. Leigh and Callie consider it. At first, Leigh wonders if Andrew/Trevor may be different from Buddy: “Leigh wasn’t one of those believers in bad blood or apples not falling far from the tree. […] People could transcend their circumstances. It was possible to break the cycle. Had Andrew Tenant broken the cycle?” (46). When Leigh finds out the truth and tells Callie, Callie is not surprised and remarks, “So, he’s like Buddy after all” (129).
Andrew/Trevor’s misogyny is even more pernicious in light of how he masquerades as a feminist, ally, and supporter of MeToo. On his business website, his biography reads, “An avid reader, Andrew enjoys the fantasy novels of Ursula K. Le Guin and the feminist essays of Mary Wollstonecraft” (155). At another point, he remarks to Leigh, “The sad part is, the MeToo movement really woke me up. I try hard to be an ally. We should believe women, but this—it’s unconscionable. False allegations only hurt other women” (50). Andrew’s ability to take feminist essays or the MeToo movement and twist them to his own ends, covering up his violent crimes against women, highlights the difficulty of battling misogyny. Misogynists like Andrew/Trevor can cling to buzzwords and performative acts, like reading “feminist essays,” while in fact harboring a hatred for women. While Andrew/Trevor dies at the book’s end, there are other men like him who go free, including Reggie and Buddy’s friends. Andrew/Trevor may be the ultimate symbol of misogyny, but misogyny goes well beyond this one character.
Plus, gain access to 8,800+ more expert-written Study Guides.
Including features:
By Karin Slaughter
Brothers & Sisters
View Collection
Fiction with Strong Female Protagonists
View Collection
Horror, Thrillers, & Suspense
View Collection
Mystery & Crime
View Collection
New York Times Best Sellers
View Collection
Psychological Fiction
View Collection
Safety & Danger
View Collection
The Best of "Best Book" Lists
View Collection
Truth & Lies
View Collection