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72 pages 2 hours read

History is All You Left Me

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 2017

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Chapters 10-15Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 10 Summary: “History”

“Thursday, July 17th, 2014”

After a day at the park, Griffin and Theo drag Wade with them to buy condoms for the first time. They make jokes about the different kinds of condoms on the shelves. Wade joins in on the fun. As they wait in the checkout line, Griffin is anxious. He reasons with himself that buying condoms is legal and normal, but his thoughts are interrupted when his dad catches him.

Wade watches, amused. Griffin’s dad remarks that protection is good. Griffin discards the condoms in a candy display and tells his dad to forget this ever happened. He tries to leave, but his dad blocks him and suggests they have a conversation about this.

Griffin’s dad, Griffin, and Theo move to an empty aisle. Griffin’s dad awkwardly asks if they’re considering sex or have had sex already. The boys admit they’ve had sex. Griffin’s dad says he’s glad they did so with people they care about. He says he’s been researching about gay sexual relationships and asks they come to him if they have any questions. Griffin is mortified. Griffin’s dad pays for the condoms. He gives them to the boys outside and says he’ll see Griffin back at home.

Wade makes jokes about Griffin’s dad figuring out who is the top and who is the bottom. They make jokes about whether it’s birds and birds or bees and bees when two guys get together. Theo says it doesn’t matter because he likes birds and bees, which surprises Griffin. Griffin thought Theo only liked girls when he was in the closet, but Theo says he’s bisexual. Griffin doesn’t like the idea of being in competition with all the other boys and girls. Theo reassures Griffin that he’s not staying up at night wondering what girls he’s missing out on. Griffin tries not to feel worried, but he’s still worried about their future.

Chapter 11 Summary: “Today”

“Thursday, November 24th, 2016”

It’s Thanksgiving. Last year, Theo was supposed to fly home for Thanksgiving, but he chose to stay in California to have Thanksgiving with Jackson’s family. Griffin recalls worrying the whole time about Theo getting close with Jackson’s family.

Thanksgiving is at Griffin’s aunt’s house. It’s hot inside, but Griffin refuses to remove Theo’s hoodie. Griffin pushes through family pleasantries, but his 90-year-old grandmother asks where Theo is because she doesn’t remember Theo is dead. Her dementia has gotten worse. She wants to watch one of Theo’s old animations. Griffin considers showing her one, but he can’t bring himself to watch Theo’s videos yet. He sneaks away to his aunt’s room to lie on the bed under everyone’s coats.

Griffin’s dad retrieves him for Thanksgiving dinner. Griffin squeezes in where there’s space next to his cousin, Remy. Remy has always been a jerk about Griffin and Theo’s sexuality. As everyone eats, Griffin’s grandmother asks again where Theo is because she made her special mashed potatoes. Griffin says he’ll let Theo know he missed out, which makes Remy react with contempt. Remy tells Griffin to get over it, angering Griffin. Remy comments on how Theo already had a new boyfriend and reiterates that Griffin should get over it. Griffin attacks Remy until his parents drag him off, and they leave.

Late that evening, Theo’s mom, Ellen, calls Griffin. She wants permission to give Jackson Griffin’s number because Jackson would like to talk to Griffin. Griffin agrees and asks for Jackson’s number.

On the phone, Jackson is struggling, and he knows Griffin is struggling too. He needs to get out of Theo’s house for a while. Griffin wonders what Theo would’ve wanted and agrees to come pick up Jackson so they can go for a walk. As he gets ready to go, he considers how talking to Jackson might help. Griffin thinks Theo would like to see his two favorite people coming together like this. This only could have come to be with Theo’s death.

Chapter 12 Summary: “History”

“Friday, September 26th, 2014”

After a visit to the guidance counselor, Theo explains that his grades are so remarkable that he can consider early admission to college, skipping his senior year. Theo is supposed to write an essay before November 1. He’s already eyeing Santa Monica College in California for its animation program. While Theo is excited about this opportunity, Griffin worries quietly about what will become of them. Theo is already a year ahead of Griffin, so this would separate them for two years if Theo gets into college early. Although Griffin is worried about losing Theo, on the surface, Griffin is supportive and vows to help Theo however he can. Griffin isn’t happy at all, though.

Chapter 13 Summary: “Today”

“Thursday, November 24th, 2016”

Griffin tells Theo that he doesn’t hate Jackson, but he was only nice to Jackson so that he didn’t look like a jerk trying to sabotage their relationship. It’s a freezing cold night, and it’s weird for Griffin to walk to Theo’s again, especially to pick up “the person who stole you from me” (81). All the places he passes are packed with memories.

Griffin is too scared to go inside Theo’s family home. Jackson comes downstairs, and for a while, the boys walk aimlessly in silence. Griffin makes efforts to stay on Jackson’s left side, acknowledging that he’s probably confusing Jackson. Theo used to understand.

They talk about Thanksgiving dinner. Theo’s family ordered Chinese. Jackson offered to bake bread or brownies, but no one was interested. Griffin acknowledges it’s bad when Denise doesn’t want to help bake. Jackson feels guilty that Theo spent his last Thanksgiving with Jackson’s family. Griffin thinks Jackson should feel guilty, but he doesn’t say so aloud.

Jackson asks if he can tell a Theo story. Griffin is reluctant at first, but he agrees. Theo brought Jackson to New York in February hoping to be present with Jackson for his first snow experience. It reminds Griffin of watching Star Wars for the first time with Theo, as Theo excitedly watched Griffin’s reactions.

Griffin takes Jackson to Lincoln Center. They talk about making wishes in the fountain. Griffin tries not to cry in front of Jackson. Griffin’s outlook on tossing coins in fountains is cynical now. Jackson disagrees with Griffin’s perspective. He sees coin tossing as a religious analog, similar to praying. Griffin asks Jackson how he can still believe in God after Theo’s death. Jackson reasons that Theo didn’t die pointlessly and that there must be a greater plan. Griffin is angry that Jackson insinuates Theo’s death could be part of Jackson’s personal growth. Jackson says Theo believed in God, and Griffin snaps at him. After a moment, Griffin apologizes.

It’s cold, so Griffin invites Jackson back to his house for the night. They share a cab. On the way, Griffin recalls the first time Theo came to his house. When they get there, Griffin’s parents are asleep on the couch, so they go to Griffin’s bedroom. Jackson explores all the things in Griffin’s room, fixating on the pictures of Theo. They talk about their dreams of Theo being alive again. Jackson talks about his troubled connection with his parents. Jackson acknowledges that Griffin loves Theo too, and he asks Griffin to give him the same grace. Though Jackson wasn’t Theo’s first everything, they were still important to each other.

Griffin remembers how Theo used to call him in the early days of Theo and Jackson’s relationship. Theo would consult Griffin about issues between Theo and Jackson. As much as Griffin wanted to tell Theo to end the relationship, he remained a supportive and loyal friend. Jackson stands up to leave. He’s sorry he tried to bond with Griffin, but he thought Griffin would understand him. Griffin stops him and offers to let him stay the night. He gives Jackson the air mattress.

In bed, Griffin listens to an old voicemail from Theo through his headphones. Jackson thanks Griffin for giving him a chance. He sees why Theo liked Griffin so much. Griffin wakes to Jackson’s crying, but he cannot bring himself to comfort Jackson. Griffin wonders if Theo’s spirit has been with him the whole time or if Theo is actually following around Jackson instead. The thought is terrible.

Chapter 14 Summary: “History”

“Friday, October 31st, 2014”

Griffin and Wade sit on Theo’s bedroom floor and put together a puzzle while Theo works on finishing his admissions essay for tomorrow’s deadline. Wade asks Theo to hurry up because Halloween on a Friday is rare, and they have a party to attend. Theo was supposed to be done by now, but he reread the essay right before submitting it and decided it needed some changes. Griffin loves Halloween and doesn’t want to miss the party, but he knows he needs to support Theo. Theo and Griffin are both dressed as zombie pirates.

Theo is clearly stressed, and Wade’s insistence that the essay is fine only makes things worse. Theo suggests Griffin and Wade go without him, but Griffin refuses. Wade leaves and wishes Theo luck on the essay.

Theo confides in Griffin that he’ll do whatever it takes to make his vision of college a reality. He knows it’ll be hard to be away from Griffin. They tell each other they love each other. But Theo also loves the idea of college, and he’s put immense pressure on himself to get this essay right.

Griffin gives Theo a pep talk about how great he is and how he’s brilliant beyond what grades can measure. He jokes about finding out that Theo is secretly Batman, which amuses Theo. Theo is grateful but feels guilty that Griffin is missing Halloween.

Theo takes a short break. Griffin shows Theo some kisses his parents used to give him. First, the butterfly kiss, with eyelashes on the face. Next, the “caveman” kiss, where they bump foreheads. Then, the “Eskimo” kiss, where they rub noses together. Griffin is distressed that there are three of them—an odd number—so he invents one more: the zombie kiss. He nibbles on Theo’s cheek. Both boys laugh about the kisses. Theo suggests they have sex, but Griffin insists Theo get back to the essay.

Chapter 15 Summary: “Today”

“Friday, November 25th, 2016"

Griffin apologizes to Theo for going quiet the previous night. The thought that Theo could be hovering over Jackson, watching Jackson’s every move instead of Griffin’s made Griffin panic, but he calmed himself by recalling all the good memories he and Theo had. He feels bad that he didn’t comfort Jackson when he cried the previous night. He knows they got off to a bad start, and he hopes things can go better today.

Griffin finds Jackson sitting at the kitchen table with his mom. Jackson’s out of school for the semester to deal with the grief. Griffin wishes he was out of school too. He’s sure he’s going to fail all his classes.

Griffin and Jackson talk about their night and morning. Jackson had planned on slipping out to give Griffin space, but Griffin’s mom was already up, and they got to talking. Jackson gets the courage to ask Griffin if Griffin hates him, saying he would understand if he did. Griffin is surprised by the question, but they’re interrupted before Griffin can answer.

Jackson decides he should get back to Theo’s family’s house. Griffin decides to walk him back, feeling he owes Jackson another chance.

On the way to Theo’s house, Griffin and Jackson talk about Jackson’s friends in New York, Anika and Veronika. Theo met them both and even played Dungeons and Dragons with the group. Jackson laments that the distance has put a strain on their closeness.

The boys stop in a video game shop that Griffin and Theo used to visit together. After Jackson stops to look at three games, Griffin asks if he’ll look at a fourth one to make it an even number. Griffin confesses his need for even numbers to Jackson, who is confused but accepts Griffin’s quirk. Many things in the store remind Griffin of Theo.

Griffin tells Jackson a story about Theo being so disappointed by a puzzle game that he bought the rest of the store’s copies to save others from disappointment. Griffin smiles while talking about Theo, which is rare these days. Remembering he can’t play games with Theo again brings him back to sadness, though. Jackson and Griffin agree that it’s good to talk about Theo, even if it hurts.

Jackson asks Griffin to come up to Theo’s apartment. Griffin agrees because he thinks Theo would disapprove if he refused. It’s hard to be in Theo’s home without Theo. Theo’s family is happy to see Griffin. Griffin explains that Jackson stayed over the previous night, and Denise remarks that she thought they hated each other. Theo’s parents quickly scold her. Theo’s parents leave to take Denise to a playdate, leaving Griffin and Jackson alone. Neither boy has gone in Theo’s room yet, so they agree to go together.

Inside, there are many mementos of Theo and Griffin’s relationship and several from Theo and Jackson’s. A photo of Theo and Jackson sits where a photo of Theo and Griffin used to sit, and it hurts Griffin to see it. Suddenly, Griffin begins to panic. He runs out, leaving the building quickly. Jackson calls after him, but Griffin keeps going. At home, Griffin’s parents comfort him. Griffin’s dad is proud of him for being kind to Jackson. Griffin asks them to give him space.

Chapters 10-15 Analysis

Chapters 10 through 15 continue the parallel story arcs. The “History” chapters trace the beginning of the end for Griffin and Theo’s relationship as Griffin fears Theo going to college a year early. The “Today” chapters develop Griffin and Jackson’s interactions as they share pieces of Theo with one another. While Theo is slipping away from Griffin in the “History” chapters, Griffin is recovering pieces of Theo through Jackson in the “Today” chapters. The distancing and approaching of parts of Theo for Griffin sets up a tense dynamic between Griffin and Jackson as they work to put their friction aside and seek comfort in one another.

The emotional tension between Griffin and Jackson helps to develop the theme of Grief and Moving On. They both face the same challenge of grieving the loss of Theo and finding ways to continue with life. While Griffin initially feels hostility toward Jackson, seeing him as “the person who stole [Theo] from [him]” (81), Griffin admits that Jackson is the only person who understands what he’s going through as they both loved Theo. While Griffin is outwardly kind to Jackson, internally, he compares himself to Jackson and declares himself better than Jackson. In Chapter 13, he silently races Jackson and, declaring himself the winner, narrates, “It’s nice winning against him” (83). Later, he assesses, “I’m not sure I believe I was the best fit for you, Theo, but I do think I was better than Jackson” (87). However, the longer Griffin is around Jackson, the easier it gets. Their mutual grief allows them to explore stories about Theo and find comfort in each other’s closeness to Theo. Griffin admits to Jackson, “We love the same guy, and it’s weird, and he would want us to talk anyway, even about the stuff I don’t want to hear or the things I’d rather keep to myself” (92). Griffin’s acknowledgment that he and Jackson both have intimate knowledge of Theo in their own ways shows how he’s put aside his animosity toward Jackson to soak up as much of Theo as he can.

Griffin’s desire to be closer to Theo and salvage what he can of their relationship is represented through the puzzle symbolism. When Griffin decides he wants to hear Theo stories from Jackson, it’s because “it’ll help me understand you better. Maybe it’ll help me add pieces to the puzzle of your life” (85). Here, puzzles represent the respective relationships Griffin and Jackson have built with Theo. Griffin wants to know about the pieces of Theo that Jackson knew.

Additionally, Griffin’s lingering attachment to Theo is symbolized by his refusal to remove Theo’s hoodie. When Griffin enters his aunt’s overheated apartment, Griffin keeps Theo’s hoodie on, observing “the kitchen is still baking me alive because I’m in your hoodie” (70). This symbolizes how Griffin would rather suffer if it means feeling closer to Theo, and it foreshadows how he suffers through Jackson’s stories of their closeness so he can learn more about Theo.

Griffin’s fear of losing Theo while being outwardly supportive of Theo’s college plans also reinforces the theme of Lying to Make Others Happy. After Theo announces that he has the grades to get into college early, Griffin pretends to be excited for Theo: “But it’s a lie. I’m not happy” (80). Griffin fears “it could be the beginning of the end” (80) if Theo were to move across the country. This is the first of many lies Griffin tells Theo to protect Theo’s happiness. Griffin’s lies come at the expense of neglecting his own emotions.

Finally, Griffin and Theo’s sexuality impacts the plot in how they react to one another and how others react to them. In Chapter 10, Griffin and Theo discuss their sexuality, and Griffin is distraught to learn Theo is bisexual. Griffin narrates, “I feel like I’m going up against the entire world, that there’s no way I’m the absolute best fit for him on this planet” (67). Theo’s bisexuality stirs a paranoia in Griffin about being good enough for Theo, illustrating Griffin’s insecurities regarding his relationship with Theo through an LGB lens. Additionally, Griffin’s struggles with his cousin Remy, who spouts “antigay nonsense,” is another example of Griffin’s uniquely gay struggles as he navigates sometimes hostile family situations.

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