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72 pages 2 hours read

History is All You Left Me

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 2017

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Chapters 22-23Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 22 Summary: “History”

“Friday, September 18th, 2015”

Theo’s college schedule and tutoring gig make it difficult for him and Griffin to keep up with their Skype dates, but they’re trying. During this date, Theo opens his first care package from Griffin. Griffin sent him some Star Wars and X-Men coloring books and a pirate bobblehead.

Griffin is happy Theo makes time for their Skype dates, but he feels guilty calling them dates since they aren’t dating. Still, they’re affectionate and only focused on one another for now. Theo’s love for Griffin makes Griffin feel in control of his mental health.

“Thursday, October 29th, 2015”

Theo is 20 minutes late for their Skype date, and Griffin is waiting. Griffin’s text has been delivered, but Theo hasn’t responded. It’s storming where Theo is, so Griffin wonders if he’s trying not to get his phone wet while walking home.

“Saturday, October 31st, 2015”

Theo and Griffin Skype before leaving for their respective Halloween parties. Theo is dressed as Wolverine, while Griffin is dressed as Han Solo. Theo apologizes for their call being short today. The party he’s attending is off campus, and he’s excited about the Jell-O shots. Griffin feels like Theo is prioritizing Jell-O over him. Griffin says it’s fine. He’s meeting Wade soon. Theo has tried texting Wade but hasn’t heard back. Griffin says he’ll remind Wade to reply.

Someone unfamiliar comes to the door, and Theo lets him in. It’s Jackson. Griffin has never seen or heard of Jackson before. The two seem close and flirty. Jackson is Theo’s ride. Theo refers to Griffin as a friend, saying he needs to say goodbye on their Skype hangout. Griffin is stunned by the words “friend” and “hangout.”

“Saturday, November 7th, 2015”

During their Saturday Skype call, Theo tells Griffin about an arcade visit with Jackson. Griffin can tell Theo is leading into something. Theo confesses that he thinks something is growing between him and Jackson. He’s nervous to tell Griffin this.

Griffin comforts Theo, reassuring Theo that this is why they broke up, but inside, Griffin seethes about how quickly Theo is moving on. Theo met Jackson the day he was late to their Skype call. Jackson offered Theo a ride in the rain. Theo says Griffin would like Jackson. Jackson dressed as Cyclops for Halloween as a joke on Jackson’s ship of Cyclops and Wolverine. Griffin is distraught that they did a couple’s costume. He asks Theo for some pictures from that night, and they end the call.

Griffin examines Jackson in the photos. Griffin thinks Jackson resembles him. Griffin feels better that Jackson is such a close analog to himself. He doesn’t feel Theo is going to move on completely.

“Thursday, December 31st, 2015”

Griffin regrets what he said last New Year’s Eve about being ready for storms. He hates that a storm brought Theo and Jackson together. He compares each painful step of Theo getting into college, moving away, and meeting Jackson to lightning striking. Griffin feels he’ll have to keep getting struck to weather this storm for Theo. Griffin sleeps early to spare himself the heartbreak of not getting a midnight phone call from Theo. Griffin plans to try to win Theo back when he visits in February.

Chapter 23 Summary: “Today”

“Monday, December 12th, 2016”

Jackson takes Griffin to a church parking lot to teach him how to drive. Griffin has cynical feelings about religion but promises Theo he’ll stay quiet to Jackson. Griffin feels at ease with Jackson teaching him. He messes up a little at first but eventually gets the hang of it. He feels free because he’s in control.

They visit Theo’s dorm. There are bouquets and cards outside Theo’s door. Griffin doesn’t want to read what others have to say about Theo. He acknowledges that he and Jackson aren’t the only ones hurting. Griffin decides to keep the pirate bobblehead from his first care package to Theo.

Griffin begins to cry, so Jackson sits beside him and holds him. The body contact feels good to Griffin. He moves to nuzzle closer, but Jackson lets go, possibly misreading Griffin’s body language. Griffin hopes he didn’t cross a line. They finish packing up Theo’s belongings. It’s only two boxes’ worth.

On the way back, Griffin asks about a spy pen Jackson keeps in his car. Jackson says it was a gift from his father. Although he told Theo that his favorite gift was an action figure Theo got him, he was lying. Jackson’s favorite gift ever is the spy pen because it reminds him of happier childhood times before his parents divorced.

Jackson shows Griffin where he picked up Theo the night they met. Griffin feels numb. They get out of the car to take in the view. Griffin wishes he could still see Theo’s muddy footprints, but he concedes that he doesn’t need to know every step Theo took. He understands what Theo saw in Jackson. Jackson and Theo came to this spot once a month to celebrate their monthly anniversary. Griffin recalls celebrating monthly with Theo, but it only lasted seven months. Griffin pictures Theo and Jackson together. He wishes he’d been more open to meeting Jackson back in February.

Griffin asks if Jackson will still come after he’s dating someone new. Jackson doesn’t want to think about dating yet. Neither does Griffin, but he encourages Jackson to keep an open mind for the distant future when he’s ready. Jackson remains steadfast. Griffin wonders if Jackson is judging him for not moving on sooner.

Griffin is unsure about sleeping in Jackson’s bed, but Jackson insists. Jackson even ensures there’s an even number of pillows on the bet. They joke about what side Theo used to sleep on. Theo initially slept on the right side, which Jackson believes is a habit from being with Griffin.

Griffin asks for a story. Jackson relays fond memories of when he spent more time with Anika and Veronika. Griffin does the same with Wade. Jackson says he misses his friends. Griffin struggles to confess the same about Wade. Griffin wishes Theo were between him and Jackson. He comes to terms with the fact that love and grief won’t revive Theo, and he wonders if he can still revive himself.

“Tuesday, December 13th, 2016”

On the one-month anniversary of Theo’s death, Jackson and Griffin visit the beach where Theo drowned. Griffin decides he wants to know everything. Jackson and Theo went on the Ferris wheel that day to help Theo with his fear of heights. Griffin is sad Theo never got to look back on that bravery.

Jackson admits he doesn’t know the exact spot where Theo died. He’s distressed. He regrets that he wasn’t fast enough and the lifeguards weren’t close enough. They walk into the ocean up to their knees. Griffin wonders if any of the water molecules near him are the ones that drowned Theo. He punches the water, angry. A wave crashes over him, and he goes under, still fighting. Jackson drags Griffin to the surface. Griffin cries. He asks why Jackson wasn’t swimming with Theo. It’s because Theo needed alone time after hearing a distressing voicemail. Griffin admits it wasn’t Jackson’s fault and calms down. He reassures Jackson that he wasn’t responsible for Theo.

That night, Jackson asks to show Griffin something Theo showed him. Griffin agrees. Jackson launches into the four kisses Griffin and Theo used to do: butterfly, “caveman,” “Eskimo,” and zombie. Griffin is petrified that Theo shared their special kisses with someone else—kisses that Griffin’s parents originally taught him as a kid. He understands though. He realizes people are made up of different pieces.

Griffin grabs Jackson and kisses him. Jackson breaks away at first, and then kisses back. They begin to undress. Griffin is doing this as revenge against Theo for using their special history to build a relationship with someone else. He wants Theo to see him having sex with Jackson. Afterward, Griffin stares at the ceiling and realizes history cannot keep someone alive and with him forever. He tells Theo he no longer wants to talk.

“Wednesday, December 14th, 2016”

Griffin’s narration is no longer addressed to Theo. He feels strange about the previous night. Griffin and Jackson express pleasantries before Griffin blurts that their encounter didn’t mean anything. Jackson agrees. Griffin cries in the shower.

On the phone, Griffin promises to tell his parents everything when he returns because they can sense something is wrong. Griffin’s flight is this afternoon. Jackson tries to initiate intimacy with Griffin again, but Griffin rejects him.

Jackson breaks down crying over abandoning Theo in the water. Rather than try to save Theo himself, he went after a lifeguard, wasting precious time. Griffin is furious at this revelation. He calls Jackson a coward and asserts he would’ve risked his life for Theo. Jackson tries to restrain Griffin, but Griffin punches him in the face. Jackson says that a voicemail from Griffin made Theo run into the ocean in the first place. Griffin cannot handle this truth. He recalls leaving Theo a message about a taboo subject. He now feels like he’s the one who killed Theo.

Griffin flies home, not feeling as terrified or in need of control as before. He never plans to return to California.

“Friday, December 16th, 2016”

Griffin goes to therapy. He leaves Theo’s hoodie at home. He knows he needs to move on and acknowledges that Theo already did. In the waiting room, Griffin’s dad suggests he invite Wade to a movie. Griffin declines the offer.

Inside the therapist’s office, Griffin struggles to choose a seat, so he stands. Griffin desperately wants to talk, but he’s so anxious. The therapist informs Griffin that his parents briefed him on Griffin’s grief. Griffin laments that they didn’t know everything they needed to tell the doctor.

Despite no longer talking to Theo, Griffin feels Theo is there with him. He doesn’t want Theo to find out his secrets through therapy. Griffin would rather tell Theo himself.

“Saturday, December 17th, 2016”

Griffin apologizes to Theo for going quiet. He apologizes for his role in Theo’s death and for keeping things from him. He’s ready to reveal the things he’s ashamed of.

Chapters 22-23 Analysis

Chapters 22 and 23 are two peaks of emotional vulnerability for Griffin as he grapples with losing Theo in different ways in the past and the present. These chapters continue to develop several important themes and symbols.

Chapter 22 lays out a timeline of significant events through Skype dates. These dates trace the fallout of Theo and Griffin’s breakup as Theo meets and moves on with Jackson. Griffin’s perspective communicates the deep sense of loss, anxiety, and regret that Griffin feels about breaking up with Theo as he loses his grip on their relationship. On Halloween, when Jackson suddenly shows up during Griffin’s Skype date with Theo, Griffin observes, “I’m overhearing something I feel isn’t my business, but I’m not logging off” (200). This moment shows how Griffin feels uneasy about the way Theo and Jackson are so friendly with one another. Shortly after, his suspicions are confirmed during the next Skype date. The final entry in this chapter takes place on New Year’s Eve as Griffin gives up hope of hearing from Theo. This entry brings back the storm symbolism from the previous New Year’s Eve. Griffin regrets his feelings about storms now that “an actual storm brought Theo and Jackson together” (204). He equates each painful event, from Theo’s acceptance letter to when Theo met Jackson to lightning striking. This adds to the symbolism of storms representing unpredictability and danger, with lightning symbolizing the pain of leaving oneself open to danger.

Chapter 23 increases the emotional tension for Griffin as he and Jackson face the one-month anniversary of Theo’s death. This chapter develops the theme of Grief and Moving On by showing how Griffin makes impulsive and emotional decisions because of his grief. This chapter also develops the puzzle symbolism for relationship building when Jackson shows Griffin the four kisses.

On the one-month anniversary of Theo’s death, Griffin makes several reckless decisions driven by grief. First, he allows himself to be pulled under the tides while trying to fight the water for Theo; next, he asks Jackson about the details of Theo’s death, even though he’d expressed not wanting to know the details in Chapter 19; finally, Griffin decides to have sex with Jackson as an act of revenge against Theo after Jackson unknowingly shares the kisses Griffin taught Theo with Griffin. This proves to be a turning point for Griffin as he quickly tries to process his emotions after learning that Theo “used our intimate history to create a future with someone else” (225). At first, Griffin reasons, “People are complicated puzzles, always trying to piece together a complete picture, but sometimes we get it wrong and sometimes we’re left unfinished” (224). Here, Griffin refers to how Jackson believes those kisses were something he and Theo shared, having no idea that those kisses were a piece of Griffin that Theo adopted.

Griffin’s puzzle imagery develops the way puzzles symbolize building a relationship. For Griffin, Theo took a piece of their relationship and put it into a new puzzle with Jackson. Griffin soon succumbs to his intense emotions and chooses to have sex with Jackson, telling Theo, “You used our love against me. Now I’m using your love against you” (225). Griffin’s impulsive and reckless decision-making one month after Theo’s death shows how grief can negatively impact one’s judgment when allowed to fester.

The emotional climax of this chapter is when Jackson reveals the next day that Griffin’s voicemail sent Theo into the water. This revelation becomes central to Griffin’s struggle with guilt and grief throughout the rest of the novel. However, Griffin does put forth efforts to move on from his grief. When he returns to New York, Griffin honors his promise to go to therapy and decides to “change into one of [his] own sweaters instead of [Theo’s] hoodie” (230). Removing Theo’s hoodie is a significant step in Griffin’s moving on. Theo’s hoodie symbolizes Griffin’s lingering attachment to Theo and inability to stop dwelling on the relationship they could have rekindled. By removing the hoodie, Griffin takes an important step in attempting to sever his attachment to Theo. The steps Griffin takes toward the end of Chapter 23 set him up on a path to healing and contribute to the theme of Grief and Moving On.

Griffin’s narration takes a new angle during the events of Chapter 23 that influence how the story is told. At the end of December 13, Griffin, hurt by Theo sharing their kisses with Jackson, decides, “I don’t want to talk to you anymore” (226). His heartbreak at what he considers Theo’s betrayal is enough to shift the novel’s narration. Griffin narrates the novel from a first-person perspective for the next several days without using second-person pronouns to address Theo. However, on December 17, Griffin declares he’s “ready to talk again, Theo” (234). Having decided that Theo is probably still listening to him, Griffin cannot bring himself to confess things to a therapist until he’s confessed them to Theo. These chapters end with Griffin finally ready to reveal his secret shame to Theo.

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