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Mammon enters and Face greets him, noting that Subtle is busy working on the philosopher’s stone. When Mammon asks about the supposed noblewoman (i.e., Dol), Face cautions him against speaking about religion to avoid triggering her ostensible mental illness. Mammon should instead praise Dol’s nobility. Mammon insists that he is ready, so Face goes to get Dol. Alone, Mammon prepares for the date with self-talk about the gold he will give Dol and how he will seduce her.
Dol and Face arrive, and Mammon promptly starts flirting with her. Dol is swift to reject his attempts, maintaining her distance. Mammon flatters Dol that she looks like various nobles from Austria, France, and Italy, which prompts a covert laugh from Face. Mammon finally proposes to Dol, offering her better housing and company than Lovewit’s house and Face and Subtle. After the proposal, Mammon reveals to Dol that he will acquire the philosopher’s stone, giving them both a life of luxury. Dol replies that Mammon should not discuss the stone, but indicates that she is swayed by his speech. As Mammon rhapsodizes about the foods they would eat and events they would attend, Face interrupts, telling Mammon that he is speaking too loudly. Mammon gives Face some money before leaving with Dol, repeating his agreement not to mention religious topics.
Subtle enters, and he and Face prepare to welcome Kastril and his widowed sister, Dame Pliant. Face greets them at the door, still dressed as Ulen, then leaves to change into his captain’s uniform. Subtle welcomes Kastril; he already knows that Kastril wants to learn to argue and fight. Suddenly, Kastril interrupts Subtle, calling him a liar. When Subtle is confused, Kastril explains that he came prepared to argue ahead of time. Subtle answers that this is not common practice in rhetoric, which, in turn, confuses Kastril. Subtle breaks from the conversation to greet Pliant, predicting that she will be nobility soon. Her new husband will be either in the military or the arts, but not the knighthood. Pliant is convinced, and Face reappears, also calling Pliant “lady.” However, the Spanish noble arrives, so Face is forced to leave and greet him. As Face leaves, he confesses that he is infatuated with Pliant.
Face and Subtle argue over who will pursue Pliant. Subtle wants them both to have an even chance, but Face wants Subtle to assist him in seducing her, arguing that Subtle is too old for her. Face offers to pay Subtle to withdraw from the competition. However, Subtle calls the widow a “spoil” of the group’s endeavors, which means she must somehow be split evenly between them.
The Spanish noble arrives—actually Surly in a costume. Face and Subtle insult him to his face, assuming that he cannot understand English. When Surly, in Spanish, says that he has come to see a woman, Face and Subtle make fun of the Spanish language and joke about how the noble is about to have sex. However, since Dol is busy with Mammon, they have no woman to bring to the noble. Making the noble wait will tip him off that Dol is with another man.
Face suggests bringing Pliant to meet the noble—maybe she could even do sex work—but Subtle rejects the idea. Face insists that there is no other option, so Subtle acquiesces. As Subtle pokes some more fun at the noble, he considers how he will get revenge on Face for giving up the widow.
Face brings Kastril and Pliant to meet the Spanish noble. Face tells Pliant that the noble is fated to be her husband. Kastril insists on the marriage as well, but Pliant says that she cannot love a Spanish man, as she has not forgiven the Spanish people for the failed attack of the Spanish Armada in 1588, even though she says she was not born until 1591. However, Kastril threatens to be violent if Pliant does not agree, so she gives in to his threats. Surly enters as the Spanish noble, and exclaims at Pliant’s beauty. Kastril pushes Pliant forward, and Pliant and Surly exit to the garden, with Face following them to act as a translator. Subtle and Kastril agree that Pliant and the noble are a good match, at which Kastril reveals his sister’s last name by marriage is Pliant, implying that she is easily persuaded.
Dol pretends to have a “fit,” rambling nonsense about history, while Mammon tries to snap her out of it. Face arrives and chastises Mammon for causing the fit, noting that Subtle might hear her and discover them. Subtle comes by at that moment, and Mammon cannot find a place to hide. Subtle confronts Mammon, accusing Mammon of trying to sleep with the “noblewoman” Dol is playing and warning that Mammon’s sinful attempt to seduce Dol has delayed the production of the philosopher’s stone. Just then, an explosion is heard from off stage. Face report that all the work they’ve done on the philosopher’s stone is destroyed, except a few shards of coal that might have healing properties.
Face claims that Dol’s fictitious nobleman brother is here to retrieve her, urging Mammon to leave. Any hope of the stone is lost now; Mammon blames himself. Face demands Mammon send them £100 in compensation (money across centuries is hard to compare, but this is in the neighborhood of £100,000 in 2023). Mammon agrees. He still hopes there is some stone left, but Face says decidedly that nothing remains, so Mammon leaves. Subtle and Face rejoice that they no longer must worry about Mammon. Predicting that Pliant is likely a noblewoman at this point, having married the Spanish noble, Subtle jokes that Pliant and the noble have already made an heir.
Surly reveals himself to Pliant, telling her that he is working to catch Face and Subtle. He criticizes her for falling into their trap, but also confesses his interest in her, asking her to marry him after he completes his business with Face and Subtle. Subtle enters and attempts to pick Surly’s pockets, assuming that he is tired after having sex with the widow. Surly removes his disguise and hits Subtle, telling him that he is going to arrest him and Face. Face enters, and Surly begins a long monologue about Face’s exploits, during which Face leaves the stage. Surly, shocked to find Face gone, grabs Subtle and assures him that he will pay for his crimes.
Face tells Kastril that Surly is an imposter who is abusing his sister and Subtle. Enraged, Kastril insults Surly, refuses to listen to Surly’s replies, and ignores Pliant’s explanation of the situation. When Drugger enters with the damask, Face tells him to play along. Face claims to Kastril that Surly owes Drugger money. Drugger confirms the debt and adds on more goods that Surly has supposedly purchased from Drugger on credit. Just then, Ananias arrives, announcing that foreign money can be legally cast. Ananias joins Kastril in insulting Surly, calling Spanish people profane and “evil.” Surly finally leaves, and Face encourages Kastril to go after him.
Face sends Drugger to get a new Spanish suit, telling him that he and Subtle plan to dress Drugger in it to trick the widow into marrying him. Drugger leaves, and Ananias repeats that casting money is legal. Subtle, though, refuses to mint the money; he claims to be worried that it will disparage the reputation of their house, since Surly was a Spanish spy. Ananias accepts this reasoning and leaves.
Face plans to dress in Drugger’s Spanish outfit to trick the widow. Subtle makes a feeble attempt to argue, wanting the widow for himself. Dol arrives, having told Pliant that the real Spanish noble is coming. Dol announces that Lovewit has come back from the country early. He is outside in a crowd of neighbors. Face quickly gets his butler outfit on and instructs Dol and Subtle to grab whatever goods they can take with them.
The trio demonstrates their ability to read their marks perfectly, emphasizing The Ability to Judge Quality. They correctly predict that Mammon’s belief in the philosopher’s stone and his belief in Dol as a noblewoman are incontrovertible; his blinkered desires allow Dol to avoid sleeping with him and Face and Subtle to back out of their arrangement to produce the stone. By blaming Mammon for his “curst fruits of vice and lust” (325), which Mammon cannot deny, Subtle is able to convince Mammon that the project of the philosopher’s stone has been ruined by his attempt to sleep with Dol. Just as his name implies, Epicure Mammon is plagued by gluttony and sexual desire; knowing that he would be unable to resist temptation, the trio pegged the success of the stone to Mammon remaining virtuous—a near impossibility. The conmen’s grasp of Mammon’s psychology means that Subtle, who could not have produced the stone anyway, no longer needs to make the stone to maintain Mammon’s faith. The explosion set off by Face persuades Mammon that the two are telling the truth, while Dol’s performance of mental illness confirms Face’s story regarding her nobility. Moreover, while Mammon’s goods were destroyed in the attempt at the stone, Face convinces Mammon to give them even more money to pay for the ostensible damages—the group escapes responsibility while also bringing in more profit.
Much of the humor in this section is based on the antipathy between Jonson’s English audiences and Spain. The two countries had a long history of military conflict at the time of writing; the enmity included England’s distrust of Spain’s Catholic loyalty to the Pope, with whom the English monarchy famously broke under Henry VIII in 1534, and Spain’s attempts to invade England with the Armada in 1588. Uniting against a common enemy makes it easy for Face and Subtle to turn all of their customers against the disguised Surly. Kastril relishes the opportunity to attack a “Spanish noble” for besmirching his sister’s reputation, Jonson’s dig at the supposedly loose morals of Catholics. Drugger eagerly jumps into fray, following Face’s lead in accusing the “Spanish noble” of defaulting on debts. Finally, Ananias’s Protestant faith prompts him to attack the “Spanish noble’s” Catholicism outright. Surly is unable to use the evidence he has acquired against Face, as he is beset by the other customers furiously confronting what they imagine is a Spanish spy—another way that Face and Subtle capitalize on The Gullibility of the Greedy.
The position of women is explored here once more, as we see the precarious position of Pliant. The play does little to counter her objectification—even her name suggests that the young woman is intended to be used by others. She was married off very young once before—this is why she is a widow at 19—and clearly makes few of her own decisions. Face and Subtle try to marry her for her money by tricking her with fortunetelling; their discussion about how to split her three ways in keeping with their agreement shows that they see Pliant primarily as a means to wealth. Kastril often silences her, threatening violence and abusing her verbally. Though Surly purports to want to save Pliant, he, too, primarily values her transactionally as “a widow, rich” (327) to make up for his own status as “a bachelor, / Worth naught” (327). Unlike the more active Dol, Pliant is not regarded as a thinking individual, but another material possession to be stolen.
As Lovewit returns early, The Alchemist leaves the genre of farce and adopts the guise of a moral play. Most comedies, especially satirical ones, in the early modern period claimed to better society by showing villains punished. Lovewit’s appearance is timed precisely: Just as the group has narrowly avoided comeuppance at Surly’s hands, the audience is led to believe that Lovewit will administer justice. Tension rises at the end of Scene 7, when Face reminds Subtle not to murder him during a shave, foreshadowing a possible betrayal: “And not cut my throat, but trim me?” (334). The audience is poised to see these characters get their just desserts—although the ending will not distribute rewards and punishments in the way we expect.
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By Ben Jonson
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